TRAFFIC RULES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
This page presents an unofficial translation of the current version of the law: https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/212587
Since there is no official up-to-date version, this English translation was made for informational purposes to familiarize readers with the traffic rules of Armenia.
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The Traffic Rules of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter — the Rules) establish a uniform procedure for road traffic on the territory of the Republic of Armenia, governing relations connected with the use, in the course of road traffic, of traffic lights, signals of the traffic controller, hazard and special signals, external lighting devices and audible signals of vehicles, driving under various conditions, regulation of driving speed, overtaking, stopping and parking, passing through intersections, crossing pedestrian crossings, towing of vehicles, training driving, the carriage of people and goods, as well as the signs that regulate traffic.
2. Right-hand traffic of vehicles is established on the roads of the Republic of Armenia.
3. The following concepts are used in the Rules:
main road — a road marked with signs 2.1 "Main road", 2.3.1 "Intersection with a secondary road", 2.3.2–2.3.7 "Adjoining of a secondary road", 2.3.8–2.3.11 "Adjoining of secondary roads" or 5.1 "Motorway", in relation to the crossed (adjoining) road; or a road with a hard surface (asphalt-concrete, cement-concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a road with an unpaved surface; or any road in relation to a road exiting from an adjacent territory. The presence on an unpaved dirt road of a paved section directly before the intersection does not make this road equivalent to the paved road it crosses;
priority in traffic — the right to move first in the intended direction in relation to other drivers of vehicles (hereinafter — drivers);
not to obstruct other road users — a requirement for road users according to which they must not in any way hinder: passengers and pedestrians — the movement of vehicles, and drivers — the movement of pedestrians and other vehicles;
organized transport convoy — a group of no fewer than 3 motor vehicles following directly one after another in a single lane with headlights continuously on, accompanied at the front by a vehicle with flashing blue and red beacons on;
start of movement — the moment when a vehicle begins moving from a stopping or parking place, whether or not connected with a change to an adjacent traffic lane;
maneuver — the start of movement of a vehicle (connected with moving into an adjacent traffic lane), changing lanes, changing the direction of travel, stopping (with a lane change) and reversing;
changing lanes — a vehicle leaving the traffic lane it occupies, or the row it occupies within a marked traffic lane, while maintaining the original direction of travel;
changing the direction of travel — changing the previously chosen direction of travel (except for reversing) by means of a turn or a U-turn;
turn — a maneuver of a vehicle carried out for the purpose of moving onto another road or onto a territory adjacent to the road;
U-turn — a maneuver of a vehicle carried out for the purpose of changing the direction of travel to the opposite;
overtaking — passing one or several moving vehicles, connected with leaving the lane being occupied;
obstacle — a stationary object in any lane of the carriageway (a damaged or faulty vehicle, a foreign object, damage to the road surface, etc.) that deprives drivers of the possibility of continuing to move in the same lane;
hazard to traffic — a situation that has arisen in the course of movement in which continuing to move in the same direction and (or) at the same speed creates a real danger of a road traffic accident;
passing (without lane change) — passing one or several moving vehicles without leaving the lane being occupied;
dangerous cargo — a dangerous substance, raw material, or hazardous waste which, in the course of carriage, owing to its properties, may cause harm to the life and health of people, cause environmental pollution, and damage vehicles or buildings and structures;
carriage of organized groups of children — the organized carriage of two or more children of pre-school and school age by a motor vehicle (except for public-use vehicles);
limited visibility — visibility of the road in the direction of travel from a road user's position, limited by vehicles, the geometric parameters of the road, the terrain, roadside vegetation, structures and other objects;
pedestrian and bicycle path (combined pedestrian-bicycle path) — an element of the road structurally separated from the carriageway (or a separate road) intended for the movement of cyclists separately from or together with pedestrians and marked with signs 4.5.2–4.5.7;
cyclist lane — a lane of the carriageway separated from the rest of it by horizontal markings and marked with sign 5.14.2, intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds;
hybrid vehicle — a vehicle having no fewer than 2 different energy converters (engines) and 2 different energy storage systems for the purpose of propelling the vehicle.
(point 3 amended, supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N, supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N, 19.01.23 N 71-N)
II. TRAFFIC LIGHT AND TRAFFIC CONTROLLER SIGNALS
4. Traffic lights use light signals of green, yellow, red and lunar-white colors.
5. Depending on their purpose, traffic lights are those regulating the movement of vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists, and their signals are round (without an image), as well as with images in the form of an arrow (arrows), the silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and "X"-shaped.
6. Traffic lights with round signals may have additional sections with one or two signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows), which are placed at the level of the green signal.
7. The round signals of a traffic light have the following meanings:
a green signal permits movement (displays may be used to inform drivers and pedestrians of the time remaining (in seconds) until the green signal's effect ends);
a flashing green signal permits movement and informs that its period of effect is ending and a prohibiting signal will soon come on;
a yellow signal prohibits movement (except in the case provided for by point 19 of the Rules) and warns of the upcoming change of signal;
a flashing yellow signal permits movement and informs of the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing, and also warns of some hazard;
a red signal, including a flashing one, prohibits movement (displays may be used to inform drivers and pedestrians of the time remaining (in seconds) until the red signal's effect ends);
a combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs of the upcoming activation of the green signal.
(point 7 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
8. Traffic light signals in the form of arrows of red, yellow and green colors have the same meaning as round signals of the corresponding color, however their effect applies only to the direction (directions) indicated by the arrows. At the same time, an arrow permitting a left turn also permits a U-turn, if this is not prohibited by a corresponding road sign. A green arrow of an additional section has the same meaning. A switched-off signal of an additional section prohibits movement in the direction regulated by that section.
9. Instead of red and yellow arrows, red and yellow round signals with black outline arrows may be used, having the same meaning.
10. A black outline arrow (arrows) on the main green traffic-light signal informs drivers of the presence of an additional section and indicates permitted directions of travel other than those provided for by the signal of the additional section.
(point 10 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
11. To regulate the movement of cyclists, traffic light signals in the form of a bicycle silhouette are used, and to regulate the movement of pedestrians — signals in the form of a pedestrian silhouette. It is permitted to place beneath a vehicular traffic light flashing information-light sections of a lunar-white (yellowish) color with the outline of a person and an arrow, which warn drivers of the presence of pedestrians at the crossing. To regulate the movement of cyclists, a reduced-size traffic light with round signals together with a plate showing a bicycle silhouette may also be used.
(point 11 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, supplemented 19.01.23 N 71-N)
12. In places where blind pedestrians frequently appear on the roads, in order to inform them of the possibility of crossing the carriageway, the green light signal of the traffic light may be accompanied by an audible signal differing from the audible (special) signals of vehicles.
(point 12 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
13. To regulate the movement of vehicles along individual lanes of the carriageway, in particular along those lanes whose direction of travel may change to the opposite, reversible traffic lights are used with a red "X"-shaped signal and a green signal in the form of a downward-pointing arrow, which respectively prohibit or permit movement in the lane over which they are located. The main signals of reversible traffic lights may be supplemented with a yellow signal in the form of an arrow pointing diagonally downward — to the right or to the left, the activation of which informs of a change of signal and the need to change to the lane indicated by the arrow. If the signals of a reversible traffic light located above a lane bounded on both sides by marking 1.9 are switched off, then entering this lane is prohibited.
14. To regulate the movement of trams, as well as other public-use vehicles moving along a dedicated lane, traffic lights with four single-color round signals of a lunar-white color may be used, arranged in the shape of the letter "T". Movement is permitted only with the simultaneous activation of one or more of the lower signals and the upper signal; whereby the left one permits movement to the left, the middle one — straight ahead, and the right one — to the right. If one or more of the upper signals of the traffic light are on without a lower signal, then movement is prohibited.
15. A round lunar-white flashing signal located at a railway crossing permits, and a red one prohibits, the movement of vehicles through the crossing. If the flashing lunar-white and red signals are switched off, then movement is permitted within visibility in the absence of an approaching train (locomotive, handcar).
(point 15 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
16. The signals of the traffic controller have the following meanings:
arm raised upward — movement of vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited, except in the cases provided for by point 19 of the Rules;
arms extended to the sides or lowered: a) from the side of the left and right flanks, movement of non-rail vehicles is permitted straight ahead and to the right, trams — straight ahead. Pedestrians are permitted to cross the carriageway from the side of the controller's right and left flanks, b) from the side of the back and chest, movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited;
right arm extended forward: a) from the left side, movement of non-rail vehicles is permitted in all directions, trams — to the left, b) from the side of the chest, movement of all vehicles is permitted to the right, c) from the side of the back and from the right side, movement of all vehicles is prohibited, d) pedestrians are permitted to cross the carriageway from the side of the controller's back.
(point 16 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
17. For better visibility of signals, the traffic controller may use a baton, including one with a red signal or a retroreflective disk, and to attract the attention of road users — also give a signal with a whistle. The traffic controller may also give other signals with the hand that are understandable to drivers and pedestrians.
18. At a prohibiting signal of a traffic light (except a reversible one) or of the traffic controller, the driver must stop before the "Stop line" marking (or sign 6.16 "Stop line"), and in their absence:
before the crossed carriageway — taking into account point 93 of the Rules, without obstructing pedestrians;
before a railway crossing — in accordance with the requirements of point 111 of the Rules;
in other places — before the traffic light or traffic controller, without obstructing vehicles and pedestrians moving in permitted directions.
(point 18 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
19. When a yellow signal comes on or the traffic controller raises an arm, those drivers who cannot stop without harsh braking at the places indicated in point 18 of the Rules may continue moving. At this signal, pedestrians who are on the carriageway must clear it, and if this is impossible — stop on the line dividing the traffic flows of opposite directions.
20. Drivers and pedestrians must comply with the requirements of the traffic controller's orders and signals, even if they contradict the signals of the traffic light and the requirements of road signs or markings.
21. At railway crossings, simultaneously with the flashing red signal of the traffic light, an audible signal may also be given, additionally informing road users of the prohibition of movement through the crossing.
III. USE OF THE HAZARD SIGNAL AND THE "EMERGENCY STOP" SIGN
22. Hazard warning lights must be switched on:
in the event of a road traffic accident;
in the event of a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited;
when the driver is blinded by headlight glare;
when towing (on the vehicle being towed).
The driver must also switch on the hazard warning lights in cases when it is necessary to warn road users of a hazard.
23. After switching on the hazard warning lights (and also if they are faulty or absent), an "Emergency stop" sign (a flashing red lamp) must be set up immediately:
in the event of a road traffic accident;
in the event of a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited, as well as in places where, based on visibility conditions, the vehicle cannot be noticed in time by other drivers. After fulfilling this requirement, the driver must fulfill the requirements of point 83 of the Rules.
Based on the need to warn drivers in time, the "Emergency stop" sign (flashing red lamp) is set up in built-up areas at a distance of no less than 15 m from the vehicle, and outside built-up areas — 30 m.
24. In the absence or malfunction of the hazard warning lights, the "Emergency stop" sign is set up at the rear of the vehicle being towed.
25. The use of hazard signaling for the purpose of gaining priority is prohibited, as well as for stopping in places where stopping is prohibited (except for a forced stop).
(point 25 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
IV. USE OF SPECIAL SIGNALS
26. Drivers of vehicles with a flashing blue beacon on, when performing urgent official tasks, while ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of Sections II (except for the signals of the traffic controller), V–XVI, XIX and XXI of the Rules. To gain priority in relation to other road users they must switch on the flashing blue beacon and the special audible signal, which consists of alternating high and low tones and differs from the audible signals of vehicles. The drivers of such vehicles may use their priority only after making sure that way is being given to them. This right is also enjoyed by drivers whose vehicles are escorted by vehicles with flashing blue and red beacons on and a special audible signal.
(point 26 amended, supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
27. A flashing red beacon may also be switched on on vehicles of the road police of the police of the Republic of Armenia, the patrol service of the police of the Republic of Armenia, the State Protection Service of the Republic of Armenia, and the military traffic inspectorate of the military police of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Armenia.
(point 27 amended 11.08.22 N 1230-N)
28. When a vehicle with a flashing blue beacon and a special audible signal on approaches, drivers must give way to ensure the unimpeded passage of the said vehicle.
(point 28 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
29. When a vehicle with flashing blue and red beacons and a special audible signal on approaches, drivers must reduce speed and give way to ensure the unimpeded passage of the said vehicle as well as the vehicles it escorts.
30. When approaching a stationary vehicle with flashing blue or blue and red beacons on, drivers must reduce speed in order to be able, if necessary, to stop immediately.
(point 30 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
31. When approaching a stationary vehicle with a flashing red beacon on, drivers of vehicles moving in that direction must stop and continue moving only after receiving permission.
(point 31 amended, supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
32. Yellow or orange flashing beacons do not give priority in traffic and serve to warn other road users of a hazard.
33. Yellow or orange flashing beacons must be switched on:
on vehicles performing work on the construction, repair, maintenance or cleaning of roads, loading and transportation of faulty, damaged and other vehicles;
on vehicles transporting cargo of dimensions exceeding the values established by point 163 of the Rules, oversized cargo, and on vehicles escorting them;
on vehicles transporting dangerous cargo and non-decontaminated containers, and on vehicles escorting them.
(point 33 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
34. Drivers of vehicles with yellow or orange flashing beacons on, indicated in subpoint 1 of point 33 of the Rules, while ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of points 42, 55–60, 63 and 116 of the Rules, of markings and signs, except for signs 2.2 "End of main road", 2.4 "Give way", 2.5 "No entry without stopping", 2.6 "Priority of oncoming traffic", 3.11 "Mass limit", 3.12 "Axle load limit", 3.13 "Height limit", 3.14 "Width limit", 3.17.2 "Hazard", 3.20 "No overtaking". Drivers of vehicles with yellow or orange flashing beacons on, indicated in subpoint 2 of point 33 of the Rules, while ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of point 60 of the Rules and of markings.
(point 34 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
35. Drivers of vehicles equipped with lunar-white flashing beacons may switch them on, and in that case together with the special audible signal, only in the event of an attack on these vehicles. These beacons do not give priority in traffic and serve only to attract the attention of police officers and other persons.
V. START OF MOVEMENT AND MANEUVERING
36. Before starting to move or performing a maneuver, the driver, in order to warn other road users, must give a signal with the turn indicators of the corresponding direction, and if they are absent or faulty — with the hand. Giving a signal is not mandatory if the vehicle is moving without a lane change along a section of road that is curved in plan. The signal must be given in advance, before the start of movement or the maneuver, and ceased immediately after completion of the movement or maneuver (a signal given by hand is ceased immediately before the start of movement or the maneuver). It must be given clearly, must not mislead road users, and the maneuver must not obstruct them. Giving a signal does not grant priority in relation to other road users.
(point 36 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
37. The signal for a left turn (U-turn) corresponds to the left arm extended to the side or the right arm bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. The signal for a right turn corresponds to the right arm extended to the side or the left arm bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. The braking signal corresponds to the right or left arm raised upward.
38. When exiting from an adjacent territory onto a road, the driver must give way to vehicles moving along it, and when entering from the road onto an adjacent territory — to cyclists. In both cases, pedestrians must not be obstructed.
(point 38 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
39. When changing lanes, the driver must give way to vehicles moving in the same direction along adjacent lanes without changing direction. In the case of simultaneous lane changing by vehicles moving in the same direction, the driver of the vehicle on the left must give way.
(point 39 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
40. Before a turn or U-turn, the driver must take the appropriate outermost lane of the carriageway intended for movement in the given direction well in advance, except in cases where:
entry onto a roundabout intersection is being made;
a road sign or marking permits doing this also from other lanes;
it is not possible to do this owing to the dimensions of the vehicle or for other reasons.
If there are tram tracks of the same direction on the left of the carriageway at the same level, a left turn and a U-turn must be performed from these tracks, unless signs 5.15.1 "Lane directions" or 5.15.2 "Lane direction" or marking 1.18 provide for a different traffic organization. At the same time, the tram must not be obstructed.
(point 40 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
41. A turn must be performed so that, when exiting the intersection of carriageways, the vehicle does not end up on the side of oncoming traffic. When turning right, the vehicle must move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway.
(point 41 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
42. A turn onto a road with reversible traffic must be performed so that, when exiting the intersection of carriageways, the vehicle ends up in the rightmost lane, after which, if necessary, one may change lanes if the driver is sure that movement in the given direction is permitted also along another lane.
(point 42 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
43. When performing a turn or U-turn at intersections, as well as outside them, in the absence of the possibility of ensuring the requirements of point 40 of the Rules owing to the dimensions of the vehicle or for other reasons, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights and give way both to vehicles moving in the same direction and to those approaching from oncoming directions.
(point 43 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
44. When turning left and making a U-turn outside an intersection, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to oncoming vehicles and to a tram moving in the same direction.
(point 44 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
45. In cases where the trajectories of movement of vehicles intersect and the order of passage is not stipulated by the Rules, the driver to whom the vehicle is approaching from the right must give way.
46. If passing oncoming traffic is difficult, the driver on whose side there is an obstacle must give way. On sections of roads with a longitudinal gradient marked with signs 1.13 "Steep descent" and 1.14 "Steep ascent", when there is an obstacle, regardless of its location, the driver of the vehicle moving in the direction of the descent must give way.
(point 46 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
47. If there is a deceleration lane, a driver intending to make a turn must change to this lane in advance and reduce speed only on it. At a point of entry onto a road, if there is an acceleration lane, the driver must continue moving along it and change to the adjacent lane, having given way to vehicles moving along the road.
(point 47 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
48. Reversing of vehicles is permitted if its performance is safe and does not obstruct other road users. If necessary, the driver must resort to the assistance of other persons.
49. Reversing is prohibited at intersections, when exiting from an adjacent territory onto a road, and in the places listed in point 50 of the Rules.
50. A U-turn is prohibited:
at pedestrian crossings;
in tunnels;
on bridges, overpasses, flyovers and beneath them;
at railway crossings;
in places where visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m;
on those sections of carriageways where there are public-use vehicle stopping places;
on roads with one-way traffic.
VI. POSITIONING OF VEHICLES ON THE CARRIAGEWAY
51. The number of traffic lanes for non-rail vehicles is determined by markings and (or) signs 5.15.1 "Lane directions", 5.15.2 "Lane direction", 5.15.7 "Direction of movement along lanes" and 5.15.8 "Number of lanes", and in their absence — by the drivers themselves, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the dimensions of vehicles and the necessary lateral interval between them.
(point 51 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
52. On roads with two-way traffic, in the absence of markings, the side of oncoming traffic is considered to be the left half of the width of the carriageway, not counting widenings of the carriageway (acceleration and deceleration lanes, widened places for stopping public-use vehicles, etc.).
(point 52 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
53. On roads with two-way traffic having four or more lanes, it is prohibited to move onto the side of the road intended for oncoming traffic.
54. On marked roads with two-way traffic having three lanes (except for marking 1.9), the middle of which is used for movement in both directions, it is permitted to move onto this lane only for overtaking, bypassing, turning left or making a U-turn. It is prohibited to enter the leftmost lane intended only for oncoming traffic.
55. Outside built-up areas, as well as in built-up areas on roads equipped with signs 5.1 "Motorway" or 5.3 "Road for automobiles", or where movement at a speed of more than 80 km/h is permitted, drivers of vehicles must keep them as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. In these cases it is prohibited to occupy the left traffic lanes when the right lanes are free.
56. In built-up areas, taking into account the requirements of part 8 of Article 24 of the Law of the Republic of Armenia "On Ensuring Road Traffic Safety" and points 55, 57–58 and 116 of the Rules, drivers of vehicles may move along the traffic lane convenient for them. In heavy traffic, when all lanes are occupied, lanes may be changed before turning left and right, making a U-turn, bypassing an obstacle, or stopping.
(point 56 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
57. On all roads, when there are three or more lanes for movement in one direction, the leftmost lane is permitted to be occupied only in heavy traffic, when the other lanes are occupied, as well as when overtaking, turning left or making a U-turn, and for trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3.5 t and for vehicles carrying out regular passenger transport — only for turning left or making a U-turn. On roads with one-way traffic, moving into the leftmost lane for stopping or parking is carried out in accordance with the requirements of point 79 of the Rules.
(point 57 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
58. Vehicles whose speed of movement must not exceed 40 km/h, or which for technical reasons cannot reach such a speed, must move along the rightmost lane, except in cases of bypassing, overtaking or changing lanes before turning left, making a U-turn, or, in permitted cases, stopping on the left.
(point 58 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
59. Movement along tram tracks of the same direction located on the left of the carriageway at the same level is permitted if all lanes of the given direction are occupied, as well as when overtaking, bypassing an obstacle, turning left or making a U-turn — taking into account point 40 of the Rules. At the same time, the tram must not be obstructed. If signs 5.15.1 "Lane directions" or 5.15.2 "Lane direction" are set up before the intersection, movement at the intersection along tram tracks is prohibited. Movement along tram tracks of the oncoming direction is prohibited.
(point 59 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
60. If the carriageway is divided by markings into lanes, vehicles must move along the marked lanes. Broken lines may be crossed only when changing lanes.
61. The movement of vehicles along verges, sidewalks and pedestrian paths is prohibited, except in cases of maneuvering for the purpose of parking at the edge of the sidewalk in the cases indicated in point 81 of the Rules. In the absence of any other possibility, the movement of road and utility service machines, as well as of vehicles servicing trade and other facilities located directly at verges, sidewalks or pedestrian paths, is permitted — approach to them by the shortest route, without obstructing pedestrians and ensuring traffic safety.
(point 61 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
62. The driver must maintain such a distance between himself and the vehicle moving ahead, and such a lateral interval from those moving alongside, as to be able to avoid a collision with them.
63. Outside built-up areas on roads with two-way traffic having one lane for each direction, drivers of vehicles with a speed restriction or a length of more than 7 m must maintain such a distance to the vehicle moving ahead that drivers of vehicles overtaking them are able, if necessary, to return without obstruction to the lane they previously occupied. This requirement does not apply on sections of roads where overtaking is prohibited, as well as in heavy traffic and when moving as part of an organized transport convoy.
64. On a road with two-way traffic, in the absence of a central reservation, the driver must pass to the right of safety islands, bollards and elements of road structures (bridge supports, overpass supports, etc.) located on the carriageway, unless signs and markings prescribe otherwise.
(point 64 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
VII. SPEED OF MOVEMENT
65. The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established one, taking into account traffic intensity, the condition and characteristics of the vehicle and cargo, road and weather conditions, in particular the condition of the road surface and visibility in the direction of travel.
66. The driver must choose such a speed as allows him to ensure full control over the management of the vehicle in accordance with the requirements of the Rules.
67. When an obstacle or hazard to traffic arises that the driver was in a position to detect, he must take measures to reduce speed up to stopping the vehicle. At the same time, passing and bypassing are permitted if the driver is sure that this is safe for other road users.
(point 67 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
68. In built-up areas, movement of vehicles is permitted at a speed of no more than 60 km/h, and in zones whose entry and exit are marked with signs 5.21 "Residential zone" and 5.22 "End of residential zone", as well as in courtyard territories — at a speed of no more than 20 km/h.
69. Outside built-up areas, movement is permitted:
at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — for passenger cars and trucks with a permitted maximum mass of no more than 3.5 t (at a speed of no more than 110 km/h — on motorways);
at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — for buses, minibuses and motorcycles carrying out suburban, inter-regional and intercity transport — on all roads;
at a speed of no more than 70 km/h — for other buses, passenger cars with a trailer and trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3.5 t (at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — on motorways).
(point 69 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
70. In built-up areas and outside built-up areas, on individual sections of roads with the use of sign 3.24 "Maximum speed limit", both a lower and a higher speed than the maximum speed established by points 68–70 of these Rules may be set. When, with the use of sign 3.24 "Maximum speed limit", a higher speed than the maximum speed established by points 68–70 of these Rules is set, it may not exceed 80 km/h in a built-up area and 110 km/h outside a built-up area.
(point 70 amended 11.04.19 N 439-N)
71. Movement is permitted:
at a speed of no more than 60 km/h — for trucks carrying people in an equipped body, and for vehicles carrying organized groups of children;
at a speed of no more than 50 km/h — when towing coupled motor vehicles.
(point 71 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
72. A driver is prohibited from:
exceeding the maximum speed established by the technical specification of the given vehicle;
exceeding the speed indicated by the "Speed limit" identification sign set up on the vehicle;
when transporting oversized, dangerous or heavy cargo, exceeding the speed determined when agreeing the conditions of transportation;
without necessity, moving at too low a speed, obstructing the movement of other vehicles;
braking harshly, if this is not required to prevent a road traffic accident.
VIII. OVERTAKING
73. Before starting to overtake, the driver must make sure that:
the oncoming traffic lane he intends to occupy is free for a distance sufficient for overtaking and that by this he will not obstruct oncoming vehicles;
the vehicle following him in the same lane has not started to overtake, and the one moving ahead has not given a signal for overtaking (left turn, U-turn);
upon completion of overtaking, he will be able, if necessary, without obstructing the overtaken vehicle (vehicles), to return to the lane he previously occupied.
(point 73 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
74. Overtaking of a non-rail vehicle is permitted only on the left side. However, if the driver of the vehicle moving ahead has given a signal for a left turn and has begun to perform the maneuver, then overtaking of this vehicle is carried out on the right.
(point 74 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
75. The driver of the overtaken vehicle is prohibited from hindering overtaking by increasing speed or by other actions.
76. If, outside built-up areas, overtaking a slow-moving or oversized vehicle is difficult, then its driver (and when escorted — also the driver of the escorting vehicle) must keep as far to the right as possible, and if necessary, stop and let the following vehicles pass.
77. Overtaking is prohibited:
at intersections;
at pedestrian crossings;
at railway crossings and less than 100 m before them;
if the driver of the overtaken vehicle is performing an overtaking maneuver or bypassing an obstacle;
in tunnels, on flyovers, bridges, overpasses and beneath them, as well as in places where roads narrow;
of a vehicle with a flashing blue beacon and a special audible signal on;
if the overtaken vehicle is moving with flashing blue and red beacons and a special audible signal on, or is escorted by such vehicles;
at the end of an ascent and on sections of roads with limited visibility, when the overtaking is performed with movement into the lane of oncoming traffic.
(point 77 amended, supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
IX. STOPPING AND PARKING
78. Stopping and parking of vehicles are permitted on the right side of the road — at the sidewalk or on the verge, and in their absence — at the edge of the carriageway. In the case provided for by point 81 of the Rules, parking is also permitted at the edge of the sidewalk.
(point 78 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
79. In built-up areas, stopping and parking on the left side of the carriageway are permitted:
on roads having one traffic lane in each direction without tram tracks in the middle;
on roads with one-way traffic (trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3.5 t are permitted only to stop for loading or unloading, as well as for the boarding or alighting of passengers).
(point 79 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
80. A vehicle is permitted to be placed in a single row parallel to the edge of the carriageway, except in those places (local widening of the carriageway) where markings permit other ways of positioning vehicles. Two-wheeled vehicles without a sidecar are permitted to be parked in two rows.
81. At the edge of a sidewalk bordering the carriageway, only passenger cars, motorcycles, mopeds and bicycles are permitted to be parked, where there is sign 6.4 "Parking place" and one of the plates 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.6–8.6.9 "Method of placing the vehicle for parking".
82. Outside built-up areas, for prolonged rest, overnight stays and other purposes, vehicles are permitted to be placed only on specially provided sites or off the road.
83. When performing a forced stop in a place where stopping is prohibited, after fulfilling the requirements of points 22 and 23 of the Rules, the driver must take all necessary measures to remove the vehicle from that place.
84. Stopping is prohibited:
on sidewalks, except in the cases indicated in point 61, as well as on tram tracks and directly next to them, if this obstructs the movement of trams;
at railway crossings, in tunnels, as well as on flyovers, bridges, overpasses and beneath them;
in places where the distance between a stationary vehicle and a solid line (except for one designating the edge of the carriageway) or the central reservation, or the edge of the opposite side of the carriageway, or any obstacle is less than 3 m;
at pedestrian crossings and, in the direction of travel, closer than 5 m before a pedestrian crossing;
on the carriageway near dangerous bends of the road and convex breaks of the longitudinal profile, where visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m;
at intersections, at the crossing of carriageways and closer than 5 m from the edge of the crossed carriageway, except for the side, at a three-way crossing of carriageways, separated by a solid line or central reservation (opposite the side that has no continuation);
within the territory of a public-use vehicle stopping place marked with marking 1.17, or, in the absence of this marking, closer than 15 m from the markers of public-use vehicle stopping places or taxi stands;
in a place where the vehicle would prevent road users from seeing traffic light signals, road signs, or would otherwise limit visibility for drivers of other vehicles and pedestrians.
(point 84 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended, supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, amended 11.04.19 N 439-N)
85. Stopping of public-use vehicles is also prohibited outside the territory of public-use vehicle stopping places, except in cases of a forced stop.
86. Parking is prohibited:
in places where stopping is prohibited;
(subpoint repealed 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
outside built-up areas on the carriageway of roads marked with road sign 2.1 "Main road";
closer than 50 m from railway crossings.
(point 86 amended, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
X. PASSING THROUGH INTERSECTIONS
86.1. When approaching an intersection, the driver must exercise particular attentiveness based on local conditions. In particular, the driver must drive the vehicle at such a speed as to be able to stop and let pass vehicles having the right of priority passage.
(point 86.1 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
87. When exiting an intersection while performing a right or left turn, the driver must not obstruct pedestrians crossing the carriageway and must give way to cyclists moving along the bicycle path.
(point 87 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
88. It is prohibited to enter an intersection, an area of an intersection marked with marking 1.26, the crossing of carriageways or areas of an intersection, if a traffic jam has formed ahead in the direction of travel that would force the driver to stop, creating an obstruction to the movement of vehicles in the transverse direction along the crossed road, except for the cases provided for by these Rules of performing a right or left turn.
(point 88 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, amended 11.04.19 N 439-N, 19.01.23 N 71-N)
Regulated intersections
89. An intersection where the order of movement is determined by the signals of a traffic controller or a traffic light is considered regulated.
90. When performing a left turn or U-turn at a green traffic-light signal, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to vehicles moving from the oncoming direction straight ahead and to the right. Drivers of trams must also be guided by this same rule among themselves.
91. A driver moving in the direction of the arrow of an additional section switched on simultaneously with a yellow or red traffic-light signal must give way to vehicles moving from other directions.
92. If the signals of the traffic controller or the traffic light permit the simultaneous movement of a tram and non-rail vehicles, then, regardless of the direction of travel, the tram driver has priority in traffic. However, when moving in the direction of the arrow of an additional section switched on simultaneously with a yellow or red traffic-light signal, the tram driver must give way to vehicles approaching from other directions.
(point 92 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
93. At a permitting traffic-light signal, a driver who has entered the intersection may clear it in the intended direction, provided that this will not hinder the movement of other road users in the direction in which movement is open, regardless of the traffic-light signal at the exit; however, if there is marking 1.12 "Stop line" (or signs 6.16 "Stop line") before the traffic lights set up at the intersection in the direction of travel of the vehicle, he must be guided by the signals of each traffic light.
(point 93 amended, supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
94. The driver must give way to vehicles that have not yet completed crossing the carriageway, and not hinder pedestrians from completing the crossing of the intersection, even if the permitting traffic-light signal has already come on.
(point 94 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
Unregulated intersections
95. An intersection where there is no traffic light or traffic controller, the traffic light is not working, or the flashing yellow traffic-light signal is on, is considered unregulated.
96. The driver of a vehicle approaching, along a secondary road, an intersection of non-equivalent roads, must give way to vehicles moving along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement. At such intersections, a tram, regardless of the direction of travel, has priority over non-rail vehicles moving along an equivalent road in the same or oncoming direction.
(point 96 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
97. If the main road changes direction at an intersection, then drivers moving along it must, in their actions in relation to one another, be guided by the rules for passing through intersections of equivalent roads. By these same rules, in relation to one another, drivers of vehicles moving along secondary roads must be guided.
98. At an intersection of equivalent roads, except in the cases provided for by point 98.1 of the Rules, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to drivers of vehicles approaching from the right. Drivers of trams must also be guided by this same rule in relation to one another. At such an intersection, a tram, regardless of the direction of travel, has priority over non-rail vehicles.
(point 98 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
98.1. When entering a roundabout intersection equipped with sign 4.3 "Roundabout", the driver of a vehicle is obliged to give way to vehicles moving along such an intersection.
(point 98.1 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
99. When performing a left turn or U-turn, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to drivers of vehicles moving along an equivalent road from the oncoming direction straight ahead or to the right.
100. At unregulated intersections, the tram driver, regardless of the direction of travel, has priority in traffic over drivers of non-rail vehicles moving along an equivalent road in the same or oncoming direction.
(point 100 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
101. When the driver cannot determine the presence of a road surface (dark time of day, mud, snow, etc.) and there are no priority signs, he must consider that he is on a secondary road.
XI. CROSSING PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
102. The concepts of a regulated and an unregulated pedestrian crossing are analogous to the concepts of a regulated and an unregulated intersection established by points 89 and 95 of the Rules.
103. The driver of a vehicle must not obstruct pedestrians crossing the carriageway at unregulated pedestrian crossings.
(point 103 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
104. If any vehicle has slowed down or stopped before an unregulated pedestrian crossing, then drivers of other vehicles moving in adjacent rows may continue moving only after making sure that there are no pedestrians in front of that vehicle.
105. At regulated pedestrian crossings, after the permitting traffic-light signal comes on, the driver must give pedestrians the opportunity to complete crossing the carriageway in the chosen direction.
106. If a traffic jam arises after a pedestrian crossing, it is prohibited to enter the crossing if this would force the driver to stop on the pedestrian crossing.
107. In all cases, including outside pedestrian crossings, the driver must not obstruct blind pedestrians crossing the carriageway.
(point 107 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
108. Blind pedestrians must signal their actions with a white cane.
(point 108 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XII. MOVEMENT THROUGH RAILWAY CROSSINGS
109. Drivers of vehicles may cross railway tracks only at railway crossings, giving way to the train (locomotive, handcar).
110. When approaching a railway crossing, the driver must be guided by the instructions of the crossing attendant, the requirements of traffic lights, signs, markings intended for regulating movement through railway crossings, the position of the barrier, and make sure that no train (locomotive, handcar) is approaching the crossing.
111. In cases when movement through the crossing is prohibited, the driver must stop at line 1.12 "Stop line", sign 2.5 "No entry without stopping" or the traffic light, in their absence — no closer than 5 m from the barrier, and in the absence of a barrier as well — no closer than 10 m from the nearest rail.
112. When performing a forced stop at a crossing, the driver must:
immediately disembark the passengers and take measures to clear the crossing;
if possible, dispatch two persons along the tracks in both directions from the crossing to a distance of 1000 m (if only one — then in the direction of worse visibility), explaining to them the procedure for giving the stop signal to the driver of an approaching train;
remain by the vehicle and give the general alarm signal;
when a train appears, run toward it, giving the stop signal.
The general alarm signal is a combination of one long and three short audible signals following one another, and the stop signal given to the train driver is a circular movement of the hand (in the daytime — with a piece of brightly colored cloth or some other clearly visible object, at night — with a torch or lantern).
(point 112 amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
113. A driver is prohibited from entering a crossing:
when the barrier is closed or closing (regardless of the traffic-light signal);
at a prohibiting traffic-light signal (regardless of the presence and position of the barrier);
if a traffic jam has formed beyond the crossing that would force the driver to stop on the crossing;
if a train (locomotive, handcar) is approaching the crossing within visibility;
at a prohibiting signal of the crossing attendant.
A prohibiting signal of the crossing attendant is a position turned toward the driver with the chest or back, a baton, a red lantern, a flag raised above the head, or arms extended to the sides.
114. A driver is also prohibited from:
bypassing, with movement into the lane of oncoming traffic, vehicles stationary before the crossing;
opening the barrier without authorization;
transporting through the crossing in a non-transport position agricultural, road, construction and other machines and mechanisms;
without the permission of the head of the track section, moving through the crossing with slow-moving machines at a speed below 8 km/h and with tractors with attached rollers.
(point 114 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XIII. MOVEMENT ON MOTORWAYS
115. A motorway is a road located in the zone of effect of road sign 5.1 "Motorway", which has no at-grade intersections or junctions with other roads, railway crossings or tram tracks, pedestrian crossings or bicycle paths, does not serve roadside territories, and on which the carriageways of opposite directions are separated by a central reservation or a road barrier. The beginning and end of a road considered a motorway are marked with signs 5.1 "Motorway" and 5.2 "End of motorway".
116. On motorways, the following are prohibited:
the movement of pedestrians, the driving of pack, riding or other animals;
the movement of bicycles, mopeds, animal-drawn carts (sleds), tractors and self-propelled machines, and of those vehicles whose speed, based on technical characteristics or condition, does not exceed 40 km/h;
the movement of trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3.5 t along other lanes located to the left of the second lane;
stopping outside special parking sites equipped with signs 6.4 "Parking place" or 7.11 "Rest place";
entering technological gaps in the central reservation, except for vehicles performing road maintenance or cleaning work;
reversing;
training driving.
(point 116 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
117. The requirements of this Section also apply to roads equipped with sign 5.3 "Road for automobiles", and the requirements of subpoint 5 of point 116 — also to public roads.
(point 117 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XIV. MOVEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL ZONES
118. A residential zone is a built-up territory whose entry and exit are marked with road signs 5.21 "Residential zone" and 5.22 "End of residential zone".
119. In a residential zone, the movement of pedestrians is permitted both along the sidewalks and along the carriageway. In a residential zone, pedestrians have priority, however they must not, without necessity, obstruct the movement of vehicles.
(point 119 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
120. When exiting a residential zone, drivers must give way to drivers of other vehicles and not obstruct pedestrians.
(point 120 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
121. In residential zones, the following are prohibited:
training driving;
through traffic;
parking with the engine running;
parking of trucks with a permitted maximum mass of more than 3.5 t and of buses (except for minibuses) outside specially provided places equipped with signs and (or) markings.
122. The requirements of this Section also apply to courtyard territories which are not marked with road sign 5.21 "Residential zone" but are enclosed around the entire perimeter by residential buildings.
XV. PRIORITY IN TRAFFIC OF PUBLIC-USE VEHICLES AND PASSAGE OF THEIR STOPPING PLACES
(heading supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
123. Outside intersections, where tram tracks cross the carriageway, the tram has priority over non-rail vehicles, except in cases of its exit from the depot.
124. On roads with a lane for public-use vehicles, marked with signs 5.14 "Lane for public-use vehicles", 5.11.1 "Road with a lane for public-use vehicles", 5.13.1 and 5.13.2 "Exit onto a road with a lane for public-use vehicles", the movement and stopping of other vehicles on this lane are prohibited. If the lane for public-use vehicles is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a broken marking, then upon entering a road with such a lane it is permitted to move onto this lane provided there is an immediate change to the adjacent lane. It is also permitted to enter lanes with such marking both for the alighting and boarding of passengers and for performing a turn off this road. When entering lanes with the indicated marking and exiting from them, drivers must give way to drivers of public-use vehicles, and also not hinder their movement during the alighting and boarding of passengers in such lanes.
(point 124 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, amended 11.04.19 N 439-N)
125. Drivers of public-use vehicles starting movement from the territory of equipped and marked stopping places in built-up areas have priority in traffic, however they may start it only after making sure that vehicles approaching along the adjacent lane do not obstruct them.
(point 125 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
126. Drivers must not obstruct pedestrians approaching a public-use vehicle stationary at a stopping place or moving away from it (from the side of the doors), if alighting and boarding are carried out from the carriageway or from a boarding platform located on the carriageway.
(point 126 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XVI. USE OF EXTERNAL LIGHTING DEVICES AND THE AUDIBLE SIGNAL
127. In the dark time of day and in conditions of insufficient visibility, regardless of the illumination of the road, as well as in tunnels, the following lighting devices must be switched on on moving vehicles:
on all motor vehicles and mopeds — the high or low beam of the headlights, on bicycles — headlights or lamps, and on animal-drawn carts — lamps (if available);
on trailers and towed motor vehicles — clearance lights.
128. The high beam of the headlights must be switched to low:
in built-up areas, if the road is lit;
at a distance of no less than 150 m from an oncoming vehicle, and if the driver of that vehicle, by periodically switching the headlight beam, indicates the need for this — then at a greater distance;
in any other cases to exclude the possibility of blinding drivers of oncoming and same-direction vehicles.
(point 128 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
129. When blinded, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights and, without changing the traffic lane, reduce speed, and if necessary stop.
130. In the dark time of day on unlit sections of roads, and in conditions of insufficient visibility — regardless of the illumination of the road, when stopping and parking, the clearance lights of the vehicle must be switched on. In conditions of insufficient visibility, together with the clearance lights, the low beam of the headlights, front fog lamps or rear fog lamps may additionally be switched on.
(point 130 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
131. Rear fog lamps may be used only in conditions of insufficient visibility.
132. Front fog lamps on moving vehicles may be used:
in the dark time of day on unlit sections of roads — simultaneously with the low or high beam;
in conditions of insufficient visibility — both separately and simultaneously with the low or high beam of the headlights;
instead of the low beam of the headlights — in the cases provided for by point 133 of the Rules.
(point 132 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
133. For the purpose of designating a moving vehicle in the daylight time of day, the low beam of the headlights must be switched on:
on motorcycles and mopeds;
when moving in an organized transport convoy;
on public-use vehicles moving along a specially dedicated lane against the main flow;
when performing organized carriage of groups of children;
when transporting oversized, heavy, dangerous cargo and non-decontaminated containers;
when towing motor vehicles (on the towing vehicle).
134. A spotlight headlamp and a searchlight headlamp are permitted to be used only outside built-up areas in the absence of oncoming and same-direction vehicles. In built-up areas, such headlamps may be used only by drivers of vehicles equipped in the established manner with flashing blue or blue and red beacons and a special audible signal, when performing an official task.
(point 134 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
135. The "Road train" identification sign must be switched on on a moving road train (except for passenger cars with a trailer), and in the dark time of day and in conditions of insufficient visibility, taking into account the requirements of point 130 of the Rules, also when stopping and parking.
(point 135 amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
136. Audible signals may be used only:
to warn other drivers of an intention to perform an overtaking maneuver outside built-up areas;
in cases when this is necessary to prevent a road traffic accident.
137. To warn of overtaking, instead of an audible signal (or simultaneously with it), a light signal may be given, consisting, in the daylight time of day, of the periodic switching on and off of the headlights, and in the dark time of day — of the repeated switching of the headlight beam from low to high.
XVII. TOWING OF MOTOR VEHICLES
138. Towing on a rigid or flexible coupling must be carried out with a driver at the wheel of the vehicle being towed, except in cases when the design of the rigid coupling ensures, during straight-line movement, the movement of the towed vehicle along the trajectory of the towing one.
139. When towing on a rigid or flexible coupling, the carriage of people in the towed bus, trolleybus and in the body of a truck is prohibited. When towing by the partial-loading method, the presence of people both in the cab or body of the towed vehicle and in the body of the towing one is prohibited.
140. Between the towing and towed vehicles a distance must be ensured: when towing on a flexible coupling, 4–6 m, and on a rigid coupling — no more than 4 m.
141. When towing motor vehicles, in order to make the flexible connecting link noticeable, it must be equipped with warning devices consisting of flags or boards with alternating diagonal red and white stripes 50 mm wide and with a retroreflective surface measuring 200 x 200 mm. No fewer than two warning devices must be placed on the flexible connecting link.
142. The design of the rigid coupling device must comply with the requirements of the standards.
143. Towing is prohibited:
of two or more motor vehicles;
by motorcycles without a sidecar, as well as of such motorcycles;
in icy conditions — on a flexible coupling;
of vehicles whose windscreen wipers and the windscreen washers provided for by the design do not work — in the case when the towed vehicle is controlled by a driver;
of vehicles whose steering does not function (except for towing by the partial-loading method);
of a vehicle whose braking system does not function and whose actual mass exceeds half the actual mass of the towing vehicle. When the actual mass of the towed vehicle is less than half the actual mass of the towing one, towing is permitted only on a rigid coupling or by the partial-loading method.
(point 143 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
144. Non-functioning, in subpoints 5 and 6 of point 143 of the Rules, are considered to be such steering systems and braking systems as do not allow the driver to change the direction of travel or stop the vehicle even when moving at minimum speed.
(point 144 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XVIII. TRAINING DRIVING
145. Initial training in driving vehicles must be conducted on closed sites or driving ranges.
146. Training driving on roads is permitted only with an instructor. The trainee must know and be able to fulfill the requirements of the Rules.
(point 146 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
147. In the case of individual training, the instructor must have with him a driving license for the right to drive vehicles of the given category.
148. A person being trained to drive a vehicle must be no younger than 16 years of age.
(point 148 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
149. Training driving is permitted on roads established by local self-government bodies (in Yerevan — by the Mayor of Yerevan).
(point 149 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
XIX. CARRIAGE OF PEOPLE
150. On vehicles of category "C" (trucks), it is permitted to carry up to 8 passengers, and when carrying a greater number of people the driver must also have a driving license for the right to drive vehicles of categories "D" or "DE" or subcategories "D1" or "D1E".
(point 150 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
151. Before starting movement, the driver of a truck must instruct the passengers on the procedure for boarding, positioning in the body and alighting, as well as that during movement one must not leave one's place. Movement may be started only after making sure that the conditions for safe carriage of passengers are ensured.
(point 151 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
152. In the body of a truck, as well as in the cabin of buses moving on intercity, tourist routes or carrying organized groups of children, the number of people must not exceed the number of equipped seats.
153. The carriage of people in the body of a flatbed truck is permitted if it is equipped with seats fixed no less than 0.3 m below the upper edge of the side and 0.3–0.5 m above the floor. Seats fixed along the rear or side panels must have sturdy backrests.
(point 153 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
154. In the body of a flatbed truck not equipped for the carriage of people, during movement only persons accompanying the cargo or going to receive it are permitted to be present, provided that they are provided with seats positioned in accordance with the values provided for by point 153 of the Rules.
(point 154 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
155. The organized carriage of groups of children must be carried out in accordance with these Rules, as well as with the rules for organizing such carriage approved by the Government of the Republic of Armenia, by a bus equipped with "Carriage of children" identification signs.
(point 155 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, amended 11.04.19 N 439-N)
156. When children board vehicles equipped with the "Carriage of children" identification sign and alight from them, the hazard warning lights must be switched on. When approaching such vehicles, drivers must reduce speed, and if necessary stop, to give the children the opportunity to cross the carriageway without hindrance.
(point 156 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
157. The driver must keep the doors closed until the vehicle has come to a complete stop, after which only then give the passengers the opportunity to get in or out, and start movement after the doors are closed.
(point 157 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
158. The carriage of people is prohibited:
outside the cab of an automobile (except in cases of carrying people in the body of a flatbed truck and in a van body), of a tractor, of other self-propelled machines, in a cargo trailer, in a caravan trailer, in the body of a cargo motor vehicle, and outside the seating places provided for by the design of a motorcycle;
in excess of the number provided for by the technical specification of the vehicle.
(point 158 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
159. The carriage of children under 7 years of age in a passenger car and in the cab of a truck whose design provides for seat belts, or seat belts and an "ISOFIX" child restraint system, must be carried out with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.
(point 159 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N, 11.04.19 N 439-N)
159.1. The carriage of children aged 7 to 12 years in a passenger car and in the cab of a truck whose design provides for seat belts, or seat belts and an "ISOFIX" child restraint system, must be carried out with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child, or with the use of seat belts, and in the front seat of a passenger car — only with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.
(point 159.1 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
159.2. The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in a passenger car and in the cab of a truck and the placement of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions (rules) for the said systems (devices).
(point 159.2 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
159.3. It is prohibited to carry children under 12 years of age in the rear seat of a motorcycle, as well as in the body of a truck (except for an automobile with a van body).
(point 159.3 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
XX. CARRIAGE OF CARGO
160. The mass of the cargo being carried and the distribution of the load over the axles must not exceed the values established by the manufacturer for the given vehicle.
161. Before starting movement and during movement, the driver must monitor the condition, positioning and securing of the cargo to prevent its falling and the creation of other obstructions to traffic.
162. When cargo projects beyond the front or rear extreme points of the vehicle by more than 1 m, or beyond the outer edge of the clearance light at the side by more than 0.4 m, the cargo must be marked, in the daylight time of day, with the "Oversized cargo" identification sign, and in the dark time of day and in conditions of insufficient visibility — also with white lamps or retroreflectors at the front and red ones at the rear.
(point 162 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)
163. Special rules established by the legislation of the Republic of Armenia regulate the movement of vehicles:
which are used for the carriage of heavy, dangerous cargo or non-decontaminated containers;
which are operated with two or more trailers as part of a road train;
whose dimensions (or any one of them) with or without cargo exceed: a) in width — 2.55 m (for vehicles with an isothermal or refrigerated body — 2.6 m), b) in length — 12 m, and with one trailer (semi-trailer) — 20 m, c) in height (from the surface of the carriageway) — 4 m;
whose cargo projects beyond the rear extreme point by more than 2 m.
(point 163 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)
164. The carriage of cargo is prohibited if it:
restricts the driver's field of view;
makes the management of the vehicle difficult and weakens its stability;
obscures the external lighting devices and retroreflectors, the number plates or identification signs, as well as hinders the perception of signals given by hand;
creates significant noise, raises dust or pollutes the road and the environment.
165. If the condition and positioning of the cargo do not allow its carriage to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules, the driver must take measures to eliminate the violations or stop further movement.
XXI. ROAD SIGNS (FORM N 1), ROAD MARKINGS (FORM N 2) AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION SIGNS (FORM N 3)
166. Road signs, markings and their numbering comply with the standards.
167. Road signs are divided into 8 groups:
warning;
priority;
prohibitory;
mandatory;
special regulations;
informational;
service;
additional information (plates).
167.1. The white main color of temporary signs set up on portable stands — 1.8 "Traffic light control", 1.15 "Slippery road", 1.16 "Uneven road", 1.18 "Loose gravel", 1.19 "Dangerous verge", 1.20.1–1.20.3 "Road narrowing", 1.21 "Two-way traffic", 1.33 "Other hazards", 2.6 "Priority of oncoming traffic", 3.11 "Mass limit", 3.12 "Axle load limit", 3.13 "Height limit", 3.14 "Width limit", 3.15 "Length limit", 3.16 "Minimum distance limit", 3.18.1 "No right turn", 3.18.2 "No left turn", 3.19 "No U-turn", 3.20 "No overtaking", 3.21 "End of no-overtaking zone", 3.22 "No overtaking for trucks", 3.23 "End of no-overtaking-for-trucks zone", 3.24 "Maximum speed limit", 3.25 "End of maximum-speed-limit zone" — may be yellow.
(point 167.1 supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N)
168. Road markings are applied independently or together with road signs and traffic lights.
169. Road markings are divided into 2 groups:
horizontal;
vertical.
170. Horizontal markings consist of lines, arrows, inscriptions and other designations on the carriageway and establish a certain regime and order of movement. Horizontal markings are:
permanent, which is white in color, except: a) markings 1.4, 1.10, 1.17, 1.26, which are yellow in color, b) (paragraph repealed 27.10.22 N 1650-N)
temporary, which is orange in color.
(point 170 amended 07.06.12 N 737-N, supplemented 11.04.19 N 439-N, supplemented, amended 27.10.22 N 1650-N, amended 28.11.24 N 1880-N)
171. Vertical markings consist of a combination of black and white, or blue and white, or red and white stripes on elements of road structures and equipment, which shows their dimensions and serves as a means of visual orientation.
(point 171 amended 07.06.12 N 737-N)
172. If the requirements of permanently set-up signs contradict the requirements of temporary signs set up on portable stands, road users must be guided by the temporary signs.
173. If the meanings of traffic-light signals contradict the requirements of priority signs, drivers must be guided by the traffic-light signals.
174. If the requirements of markings contradict the requirements of temporary signs set up on a portable stand, road users must be guided by these signs. If the requirements of temporary and permanent markings contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the requirements of the temporary markings.
175. Vehicle identification signs must be set up or applied on vehicles when necessary. Except for the "Doctor" and "Person with a disability" identification signs, which are set up at the driver's discretion, the setting up of all other identification signs is mandatory if the circumstance they designate is present.
(point 175 amended 08.05.25 N 559-N)